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Lecture Note G: Main Functions within a Firm, and Managerial Resources for Business Management; Deming's wheel; Stock and Flow types of Managerial Resources

1. Main Functions within a Firm, and Managerial Resources for Business Management; Deming's wheel; Stock and Flow types of Managerial Resources

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Lecture Note H: Japanese Management Style: Past, today and future prospective

1. General features of Japanese mgmt style
2. Mgmt Style by Function: Personnel
3. Mgmt Style by Function: Finance and Accounting/Auditing
4. Mgmt Style by Function: Marketing/Distribution
5. Mgmt Style by Function: Research and Development
6. Mgmt Style by Function: Production and Quality Control

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Lecture Note D: Consolidated financial data on major Jpns firms: Consolidated sales, profit and costs

1. Consolidated data=Data consolidating the parent's, its subsidiaries' and affiliates' data.
   　
   1. Definition of technical terms: cost of goods sold (CGS) , selling, general and administrative costs (CS&GA) , profit. => See also financial statements .
2. Why consolidated data (rather than simply the parent's data alone)?
   　
   1. How important are the subsidiaries and affiliates in the (consolidated) financial statements of the firms?: Plots of the number of the consolidated subsidiaries, etc., FY1983 - 1996.
3. <<8/19/98, 9/4/98>> Plots : Most recent consolidated data on Mfg: Electrical Appliances (Mitubishi and Hitachi), -FY1997.
4. Mfg: Automobile, FY1983 - 1996.
   1. To correlate the sales, profit and costs with the Jpn economic conditions and the yen-dollar exchange rate, see Table : Highlights of yen_dollar exchange rate and Jpn economy; Credit expansion and crunch (1970q1 - present).
   2. See the tabulated facts.
5. Mfg: Electrical Appliances (costs not considered), FY1983 - 1996.
   1. See the tabulated facts.
6. Mfg: Precisions (costs not considered), FY1983 - 1996.
   1. See the tabulated facts.
7. Non-mfg: General trading, FY1983 - 1996.
   1. See the tabulated facts.

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Lecture Note C: Jpns firms in Groups/Keiretu

1. Groups/Keiretu consist of parent firm, subsidiaries, and affiliates
2. See Member firms of Six Horizontal Keiretsu for:
   Sakura Bank Group [Non-mfg: Financial Institutions],
   Mitui Bussan Group [Non-mfg: General Trading],
   Toshiba Group [Mfg: Electrical Appliances].
3. See Vertical Keiretsu for:
   Toyota Group [Mfg: Automobiles].

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Lecture Note I: Japanese Corporate Keiretu and Groups: Past, today and future

1. Zaibatu and Keiretu: brief overview
2. Zaibatu are born; Growth of the Zaibatu; End of the Zaibatsu
3. Birth of Keiretsu; 1960s - early 1970s; mid 1970s on
4. Strength of the corporate groups, FY1983 - 1996
   1. Def of parent firm, subsidiaries, consolidated subsidiaries, unconsolidated subsidiaries, and affiliates
   2. How to measure the strength of the corporate group:
      • The greater the Group/Parent ratio is, the better the subsidiaries and the affiliates in the group perform and hence the stronger the corporate group is.
      • The Group/Parent ratio for the sales < that for the profit:
        (i) The (consolidated) subsidiaries may be generating higher profit than the parent company, or
        (ii) a portion of the parent's profit might be somehow transferred to the subsidiaries.
      • The Group/Parent ratio for the sales > that for the profit :
        (i) The (consolidated) subsidiaries may not be generating sufficient profit (as compared to the parent company) , or
        (ii) a portion of the subsidiaries' profit might be somehow absorbed by the parent.
      • Ref: Yamaguchi, et al. Corporate Analysis (in Jpn), p.221 (1996).
   3. Note in the plots below that data for a few FYs are missing for either the parent or the consolidated statement: e.g. is FY1993 for Toyota in Mfg: Automobile.
   4. Mfg: Automobile
      • Observe the tabulated facts.
   5. Mfg: Electrical Appliances
   6. Non-mfg: General Trading
      • Observe the tabulated facts.