| G. Six Horizontal Keiretsu | Reference: | Jpns Corporate Keiretu (in Jpns) | (1998) | Touyou-keizai Shinposya | ||
| 1. See Zaibatu and Keiretu . | ||||||
| 2. Six horizontal Keiretsu | The Ties that Bind (See Finance and Accounting) | |||||
| Founded | Average cross-shareholding ratio | Intragroup Financing ratio | Presidential Council: Shyatyo Kai (the Group's top executive round table) | Membership of Presidential Council(as of 1996) | Memeber firms of Presidential Council (see Member firms of Six Horizontal Keiretsu) | |
| The Mitui Keiretu | October, 1961 | 15.81% | 20.58% | Nimoku-kai (Second-Thursday Club) | 25 | Sakura Bank, Mitui Bussan, Mitui Fudosan, and 22 more |
| The Mitubishi Keiretu | around 1954 | 26.78% | 20.84% | Kin'you-kai (Friday Club) | 28 | Tokyo-Mitubishi Bank,Mitubishi Shyoji, Mitubishi Heavy Industries and 25 more |
| The Sumitomo Keiretu | April, 1951 | 22.28% | 22.71% | Hakusui-kai (White Water Club) | 20 | Sumitomo Bank, Sumitomo Shyoji, Sumitomo Metal Mining and 17 more |
| The Huyou Keiretu | January, 1966 | 13.87% | 17.94% | Huyou-kai (huyo=hibiscus) | 29 | Fuji Bank and 28 more |
| The Sanwa Keiretu | February, 1967 | 15.67% | 16.15% | Sansui-kai (Third Wednesday Club) | 44 | Sanwa Bank and 43 more |
| The Ikkan Keiretu | January, 1978 | 11.24% | 14.08% | Sankin-kai (Third Friday Club) | 48 | Dai-Ichi Kangyo Bank, Itohchyu and 46 more |
| H. The Heart of the Horizontal Keiretsu: Bankers and Traders | ||||||
| 1. Buyer - Sogo Shoshya - Seller; Main Bank | ||||||
| a) See Marketing/Distribution. | ||||||