0a. For "Managers" and "Workers," see Main Functions within a Firm, and Managerial Resources for Business Management; Stock and Flow.
0b. For "Business Partners," see Member firms of Six Horizontal Keiretsu and Vertical Keiretsu.
0c. For "Banks," see "Intra-group Financing" in Finance and Accounting/Auditing .
0d. For "Shareholders," see "Cross-shareholding" in Finance and Accounting/Auditing .
0e. For "Consumers" in Marketing/Distribution, see Marketing/Distribution.
1. For whom do the firms exist? [Asked the managers: Jpn:68, U.S.:82, U.K.: 78, Germany:110, France: 50] [1992]
| Nation | For all the interested parties (%) | For the shareholders (%) |
| Japan: | 97.1 | 2.9 |
| Germany: | 82.7 | 17.3 |
| France: | 78 | 22 |
| U.S. | 24.4 | 75.6 |
| U.K. | 29.5 | 70.5 |
| Nation | Individuals/Consumers | Pension Funds | Financial Institutions | Corporations | Foreigners | Others |
| Japan: | 23 | 41 | 25 | 4 | 7 | |
| Germany: | 17 | 22 | 42 | 14 | 5 | |
| France: | 34 | 23 | 21 | 20 | 2 | |
| U.S. | 54 | 27 | 6 | - | 7 | 6 |
| U.K. | 20 | 31 | 30 | 3 | 12 | 4 |
| Japan | U.S.A. | U.K. | |||
| Toyota | 60 (1) | Ford | 15 (10) | Glaxo | 16 (7) |
| Hitachi | 36 (3) | IBM | 14 (11) | Hanson | 19 (8) |
| Hitachi | 36 (3) | IBM | 14 (11) | Hanson | 19 (8) |
| Sony | 41 (6) | Texaco | 13 (11) | Britishi Airways | 10 (6) |